For over three decades, MMR Technologies has been the professional’s resource for modular, flexible, cost-effective benchtop systems and components. Inventor of the micro-miniature refrigerator, MMR supplies the leading-edge tools for variable-temperature solid-state characterization since 1980. The company currently produces several families of instruments built upon its proprietary micro refrigerator technology. These are widely used in universities, research laboratories and industrial applications — for solid-state characterization, materials research, biological and medical research, and more. MMR world headquarters (http://www.mmr-tech.com) and MMR's CryoCooler Division (http://www.elan2.com) are located at 41 Daggett Drive, San Jose, California, in the heart of Silicon Valley. MMR's worldwide sales, service and support are provided through the San Jose office and by authorized MMR representatives strategically located around the globe.