The National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), an autonomous organisation aided by the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, was established to facilitate cell biology research in the country. NCCS is located within the academically-enriched campus of the Savitribai Phule Pune University (SPPU). Since its inception, NCCS has been performing cutting-edge research in cell biology, providing valuable services as a national animal cell repository, and supporting human resource development through various teaching and training programmes. NCCS has been at the forefront of basic research in diverse fields of cell biology, especially those addressing important human health issues such as cancer, metabolic disorders, infectious diseases, and regenerative medicine. The research at NCCS is focused on answering these challenging health issues through approaches that integrate modern and conventional disciplines including cell biology, cellular signalling, stem cell biology, immunology, genomics, proteomics, systems biology, structural biology and microbial ecology. The contributions made by the scientists of NCCS have gained worldwide recognition through publications in renowned scientific journals, and awards including the Padma Shree, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Awards, National Bioscience Award, and Swarnajayanti Fellowship.