Advanced Targeting Systems (ATS) is a California-based biotechnology company dedicated to providing quality targeting reagents for scientific research and pharmaceutical development. ATS is known as the “saporin people” and initially focused on providing research tools for the Neuroscience research community. Over the years these tools have been used in all areas of scientific research and drug development. The Company's current product line includes targeted toxins, antibodies and custom services designed to assist scientists in the study of system functions, cell functionality, diseases and disorders. Advanced Targeting Systems pioneered the use of targeted conjugates for use in a technique called "Molecular Surgery." These products include specific lesioning agents for cholinergic basal forebrain neurons, noradrenergic and adrenergic neurons, macrophages and microglia and a pan-neuronal agent that strikes an epitope expressed on all neurons. In addition, ATS sells "secondary conjugates" which allow users to convert their own targeting agents into specific cytotoxic tools and to screen antibodies for internalization. Advanced Targeting Systems was founded in April of 1994 to commercialize and provide access to the Saporin technology platform developed and refined by Douglas Lappi, Ph.D. (Founder, President Emeritus and Chief Scientific Officer). Dr. Lappi collaborated with Ronald Wiley, M.D., Ph.D. (Co-founder) in their academic laboratories to validate the use of the premier saporin conjugate, 192-IgG-SAP to establish a model of Alzheimer’s Disease. Denise Higgins (Co-founder and President) brought her business expertise and international sales/marketing experience to the team and continues to work to bring this innovative technology to scientists worldwide.