Organized in 1990 after the division of the Institute of Biological Physics, which had been founded in 1952. Main directions of research: Biosynergetics. Non-linear processes in biological systems: order-disorder transition from disorder to orderliness, co-operative phenomena, time-spatial relaxational vibrations and wave processes, formation of dissipative structures at the molecular, cellular, organism and population levels. Mathematical modelling of biological systems. Molecular Biophysics. Physical and structural principles of formation and functioning of biopolymers and supra-molecular systems. Mechanisms of molecular recognition. Bioinformatics. Cell receptors and mediators, low-molecular regulators, extracellular matrix, intercellular interactions. Brain as a system of control and processing of information. Cell biology and Cytotechnology. Cell structure and functioning; cellular cycle and programmed death of cells. Reconstitution of cell metabolism on the foundation of genetic information. Biophysical principles of science-consuming biotechnologies and biomedicine. Genetic, cellular, tissue and organ engineering. New methods of research and new biomaterials. Effects of physical factors on biological systems. Mechanisms of the influence of ionizing radiation and electromagnetic fields on biological systems. Cosmophysical effects. Stabilization, protection of genome and cell systems; mechanisms of developing of degenerate processes under effects of physical and chemical agents. Bioenergetics. Mechanisms and regulation of transformation of energy in mitochondria. Transformation of energy and ionic transport in biomembranes. Mechanisms and regulation of transformation of energy during muscle contraction and other types of biological mobility. Regulation of intracellular energy metabolism in an organism.