The M.M. Shemyakin–Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences came into existence initially under the name of the Institute for Chemistry of Natural Compounds by a decree of the Russian academy of sciences Presidium issued in February, 1959. The foundation of the Institute and its further development are inseparably linked with the names of outstanding scientists Professor M.M. Shemyakin and Professor Yu.A. Ovchinnikov. Since 1988 the Institute is under the directorship of Professor V.T. Ivanov famous for his investigations of the structure and function of peptides — the ubiquitous bioregulators, playing key roles in a number of biochemical processes. Today the Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry is the main center of physical-chemical biology and biotechnology in Russian Federation. It’s included in the Department of biological sciences of Russian academy of sciences and performs activities connected with biochemical research of living matter. It researches molecular mechanisms of vital processes and their practical use in medicine and agriculture. Moreover the Institute develops fundamental and applied aspects of biotechnologies.